Germ+Theory+and+Urban+Hygiene

=**Problems-**= Often times people believe that disease generated spontaneously (randomly.) This however is a falsehood which germ theory founding fathers Louis Pasteur and Robert Koch have lead the way to prove the contrary. The diseases ailing mankind prior to the creation of germ theory were cholera, diphtheria and tuberculosis mainly. Cholera Tuberculosis Diphtheria =**Germ Theory:**=
 * Diseases Associated with lack of hygiene/knowledge of germ theory?**
 * symptoms: diarrhea, vomiting, dry mouth, cramping, nausea
 * cause: contaminated water
 * symptoms: cough, fever, and loss of appetite.
 * spread through saliva
 * symptoms: indicated by chills, breathing problems, nasal drainage, and weight loss among other things
 * cause: bacteria in air droplets
 * is an infectious disease with symptoms beginning multiple days after being infected with the bacteria.
 * begins in lungs
 * What is Germ Theory:** the belief, supported by many experiments that microorganisms cause many diseases.


 * Major People Associated: Louis Pasteur**

What did he do? Pasteur's major discovery was identifying yeast as a living organism instead of inorganic catalyst. (an enzyme that decomposes) His development of germ theory originated from Pasteur’s discovery that life is unable to be spontaneously generated. Along with his team Pasteur was able to create a vaccination for anthrax and rabies.

What did he do? Koch studied more the exchange of bacteria and it's growth. His discoveries were significant because it shed light on the transmission of diseases which laid the framework for hygiene. In particular he was able to isolate the tuberculosis bacteria which was groundbreaking research for the time. =**Urban Hygiene:**=
 * Robert Koch**

What did he do specifically?** Chadwick divided people among parishes. He believed that disease mostly occurred in the working class because of living and working conditions including, "drainage, proper cleansing, better ventilation, and other means of diminishing atmospheric impurity, the frequency and intensity of such disease is abated; and where the removal of the noxious agencies appears to be complete, such disease almost entirely disappears." (Chadwick's Report on Sanitary Conditions.) He further went on to explain the means by which society could be healthier was a more readily available water supply. This in fact combats the problems which are the main causes of cholera.
 * Major People Associated: Edwin Chadwick



Edwin Chadwick paid to publish his manual //The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring Population.// Education was also spread through churches.
 * How was hygiene knowledge spread?**


 * What practices were used to improve hygiene?**
 * Clean supply of water
 * better drainage systems
 * more access to medical attention
 * eventually indoor facilities for prevention of fecal matter contaminating water
 * isolation techniques- avoiding those who are sick

=**Relation to today:**= Through the discovery of hygiene techniques and bacteria as a way of causing disease treatments for disease and disease preventions are able to exist which have lowered the mortality rates by huge amounts. media type="youtube" key="dWv3yq1Uax4" width="425" height="350"
 * How have practices evolved to practices used today?**
 * How did germ theory and urban hygiene affect or create a major lifestyle change for Europe?**

Vaccines were able to be created that saved the lives of people as well as animals bettering the quality of life. More importantly these discoveries and vaccinations lead to more medicinal advancements. =**Bibliography:**=

"germ theory." //World History: The Modern Era//. ABC-CLIO, 2009. Web. 17 Sep. 2009. .
//Louis Pasteur - Monsieur Vaccination//. //Youtube//. 12 Feb. 2009. Web. 27 Sept. 2009. .